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The
glossary terms and definitions on this page are from the 3rd
edition of
the highly acclaimed book "Ice Hockey Made Simple: A Spectator's
Guide".
The glossary has been updated in the new 4th edition of this
book,
available for sale on this website for $11.95.
[
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ]
Adams Division:
with
the Patrick Division
made up the Wales Conference
until the 1992-93 season; renamed the Northeast Division of the
Eastern
Conference starting with
the 1993-94 season.
All-Star Game:
a
mid-season exhibition game
pitting selected stars of North American origin against selected
stars from the rest of the world; from 1969 to 1997, the game
was played between representatives from the NHL's two conferences.
assist:
the
pass or passes which immediately precede a successful scoring
attempt; a maximum of two assists are credited for one goal.
attacking zone:
the
area between the opponents’ blue line and their goal.
backcheck:
an
attempt by a player, on his way back to his defensive zone, to regain the puck from the opposition
by checking or harassing
an opponent who has the puck.
backhand shot:
a
shot or pass made with the stick from the left side by a right-handed
player or from the right side by a left-handed player.
beat the defense:
to
get by one or both of the defensemen.
beat the goalie:
to
outwit the goalie and score a goal.
behind the net:
the
area of ice behind the goal cage is legal territory.
blind
pass:
to
pass the puck without looking.
blue
lines:
two
blue, 12-inch wide lines running parallel across the ice, each
60 feet from the goal; they divide the rink into three zones called the attacking, defending and neutral (or center) zones; defending blue line is the line closer to a player’s own net; attacking blue line is the one farther from his net; used in determining offsides.
boarding or board-checking:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player uses any method (body
checking, elbowing or tripping) to throw an opponent
violently into the boards; if an injury is caused, it becomes
a major penalty.
boards or board wall:
a
wooden or fiberglass wall 3 1/2 to 4 feet high which surrounds
the rink to keep the puck and players from accidentally leaving the rink and
injuring spectators; all rinks have shatterproof glass that rises
above the boards to provide additional protection.
body
check:
when
a hockey player bumps or slams into an opponent with either his
hip or shoulder (the only legal moves) to block his progress or
throw him off-balance; it is only allowed against an opponent
in control of the puck or against the last
player to control it.
break:
a
chance to start a rush when the opposing forwards are caught out of position.
breakaway:
a
fast break in which an attacker with the puck skates in alone on the goalie, having gotten past
or clear of the defensemen, trapping the opponents behind the play.
breaking pass:
a
pass to a teammate who is trying for a breakaway.
butt-ending:
a
major penalty which occurs when a player jabs an opponent with the shaft
of his hockey stick.
Campbell Conference:
was
one of the two conferences in the NHL that contained the Norris and Smythe Divisions until 1992-93; renamed the Western Conference
in 1993.
carom:
a
rebound of the puck off the boards or any other object.
center or center forward:
the
center player in the forward line
who usually leads his team’s attack when they are trying
to score a goal; he takes part in most of the face-offs; he controls the puck and tries to score
or pass it to a teammate who is in a better position to score
a goal.
center face-off circle:
a
circle, measuring 30 feet in diameter, at the center of the ice
where the puck is dropped in a face-off to start the game
and to restart the game after a goal has been scored.
center
ice:
the
area between the two blue lines, also called the neutral zone.
centering pass:
a
pass from an attacking player towards the middle of the ice to
a teammate with a better angle at the goal.
center
line:
a
red, 12-inch wide line across the ice midway between the two goals.
charging:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player makes a deliberate move of more
than two steps when body checking an opponent; if serious injury is caused or blood is drawn
it becomes a major penalty.
check or checking:
any
contact initiated by a defending player against an opponent to
get the puck away from him or slow
him down; there are two main types of checks: stick check and body check; these are only allowed against a player in control of the
puck or against the last player to control it immediately after
he gives it up; checking after too many steps or strides becomes
charging.
clearing the puck:
getting
the puck out of one’s own
defensive zone.
clearing the zone:
when
a defending player sends the puck out of the opponent's attacking zone, all the attacking players must leave or clear the zone
to avoid being called offsides when the puck reenters the zone.
cover:
when
a player stays close to an opponent to prevent him from receiving
a pass or making a play on offense.
crease
lines:
the
red lines that form the semi-circular area with a 6-foot radius
in front of the goal called the goal crease.
cross
bar:
the
horizontal bar that connects the top of the two goalposts.
cross-checking:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player holds his stick in both hands
and drives the shaft into an opponent; a stick check where a player has both hands
on the stick and no part of the stick on the ice; if serious injury
is caused or blood is drawn it becomes a major penalty and a game misconduct.
dead
puck:
a
puck that flies out of the
rink or that a player has
caught in his hand.
defensemen:
two
players who make up a team’s defensive unit usually stationed
in or near their defensive zone
to help the goalie guard against attack;
sometimes they lead an attack. The left defenseman covers the left half of the rink, the right defenseman plays to the right, but they can skate
into each other’s territory.
defensive line:
consists
of two defensemen.
defensive zone:
the
zone or area nearest a team’s
goal (the goal they are
defending).
deflection:
causing
any pass or shot to stray from its intended course; a shot or
pass that hits some object such as a stick or skate and goes into
the net for a score or when a goalie hits the puck away.
deke or deking:
a
decoying or faking motion by the puck-carrier; the art of making
a defensive player think you are going to pass or move in a certain
direction when you are not. There are shoulder dekes,
stick dekes and head dekes.
delayed penalty:
a penalty against a team that has only 4 players on the ice,
assessed only when one of its players gets out of the penalty
box.
delayed whistle or delayed call:
when
an official raises his arm but
does not blow his whistle, waiting to see the outcome of a play
before calling a penalty; this is
done so as not to penalize the non-offending team by stopping
its momentum.
delay of game:
a
minor penalty imposed on any player who purposely delays the game in any
way, such as shooting or batting the puck outside the playing area or displacing the goalpost from its normal position.
double
minor:
a
type of minor penalty given for certain accidental infractions that result in
an injury to another player or for certain deliberate attempts
to injure an opponent that are unsuccessful; penalty time of 4
minutes is served, double the time of a normal minor penalty.
drop
pass:
when
a player simply leaves the puck behind for a teammate following him to pick up.
Eastern Conference:
the
renamed Wales Conference
beginning with the 1993-94 season which contains the Atlantic,
Northeast and Southeast Divisions.
elbowing:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player strikes his opponent with an
elbow to impede his progress.
empty-net goal:
a
goal scored against a team that has pulled the goalie.
endboards:
the
boards at each end of the rink.
enforcer:
also
called the policeman; is usually the most penalized player on a team; he has
the job of protecting his teammates from harm; generally a larger
player who is not afraid of any fight.
exhibition game:
a
game not included in the regular-season schedule and which does
not count in the standings; the All-Star Game or other games generally played before the season begins.
expansion:
the
addition of teams to the NHL.
expansion draft:
a
special arrangement to assist new franchises in obtaining players, where expansion teams
choose players from other teams’ rosters.
expansion team:
a
team that has been recently added to the NHL.
face
mask:
the
protective mask worn by the goalie.
face-off:
the
method of starting play; the dropping of the puck by the official between the sticks
of two opposing players standing one stick length apart with stick
blades flat on the ice; used to begin each period or to resume play
when it has stopped for other reasons.
face-off circles and spots:
the
various circular spots on the ice where an official and two players will hold a face-off to begin or to resume the action of the game; there
is one blue face-off circle and four red face-off spots located
in the neutral zone; two red face-off
circles are found at each end of the ice.
falling on the puck:
a
minor penalty, which occurs when a player other than the goalie closes his
hand on the puck, deliberately falls on the puck, or gathers the puck under
his body while lying on the ice.
feeding:
passing
the puck.
fighting:
a
major penalty which occurs when two or more players drop their sticks
and gloves and fight; if a referee deems one player to be the instigator, that player also
receives a minor penalty and
a misconduct penalty; the minor penalty for a less severe pushing and shoving match is called roughing.
flat
pass:
when
a player passes the puck to a teammate along the surface of the ice.
flip
pass:
a
pass by a player to a teammate that lifts the puck from the ice and sends it through the air, usually for the
purpose of getting it over an opponent’s stick.
flip
shot:
a
shot in which a player cups the puck in his stick, then flips it with his wrists up off the ice
towards the goal; this sometimes makes
the puck harder to block.
forecheck:
to
check or harass an opponent
who has the puck in his defensive
zone and keep the opponents in their
end of the rink while trying to regain
control of the puck; usually done by the forwards.
forehand:
a
shot or pass taken from the right side of a right-handed player
or from the left side of a left-handed player.
forward line or attacking line:
consists
of two wings (right and left) and a center; these three players play nearer the opponent’s
goal and are responsible for most of the scoring.
forwards:
the
three players who make up the attacking line or forward line
of a team — the center and the right and left wings.
foul:
any
infraction of the rules that will draw a penalty.
franchise:
a
team; the legal arrangement that establishes ownership of a team.
freeze the puck:
to
hold the puck against the boards with the skate or
stick in order to stop play briefly or gain a face-off.
full strength:
when
a team has its full complement of 6 players on the ice.
get
the jump:
to
move fast and thereby get a good start on the opponents.
goal:
provides
one point; scored when a puck goes between the goalposts from the stick of an attacking player and entirely crosses
the red line between the goalposts; also the informal term used to refer to the area made of
the goalposts and the net guarded by the goalie and into which a
puck must enter to score a point.
goal
cage:
a
6 foot wide by 4 foot high tubular steel frame consisting of a
cross bar and two goalposts to which a net is attached.
goal
crease:
a
semi-circular area with a 6 foot radius in front of the opening
of the goal; denotes the playing area of the goaltender within which
attacking players must not obstruct his movement or vision.
goal
line:
the
two-inch red line between the goalposts that stretches in both directions to the sideboards
.
goalkeeper, goalie or goaltender:
the
heavily padded player who guards the goal; prevents opponents from scoring by stopping the puck any way he can.
goalposts:
the
metal bars that frame the area to which the net is attached which rests on the center of the goal
line and between which a puck must pass to score a goal.
hat
trick:
three
or more goals scored by a
player in one game.
head
deke:
when
a player drops his head as though moving one way and quickly moves
in another to fake out the opponent.
high-sticking:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player carries his stick above the normal
height of his opponent’s shoulders and hits or menaces the
opponent with it; if injury is caused it becomes a major penalty; if a referee determines that
the raising of the stick was unintentional and no contact occurred,
it is considered a team infraction, and a face-off is
held in the offender's defensive zone.
holding:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player grabs and holds onto an opponent
(or his stick) with his hands or arms to impede the opponent’s
progress.
holding the puck:
See
falling on the puck.
home
team:
the
team in whose arena the game is being played; the team wearing
the lighter uniforms.
hook
check:
a
sweep of the stick low to the ice to take the puck from an opponent’s stick.
hooking:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player attempts to impede the progress
of another player by hooking any part of the opponent’s body
with the blade of his stick; an illegal use of one’s stick.
icing:
a
violation which occurs when the team in possession of the puck shoots it from behind
the red center line across the opponent’s
goal line into the end of the rink (but not into
the goal) and a member of the opposing team touches it first; results
in a face-off in the offender’s
defensive zone;
a shorthanded team cannot be called for icing.
interference:
a
penalty in hockey called
when a player attempts to impede the motion of another player
not in possession of the puck.
intermission:
a
fifteen-minute recess between each of the three periods of a hockey game.
kneeing:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player uses a knee to hit his opponent
in the leg, thigh or lower body.
lead
pass:
a
pass sent ahead of a moving teammate designed to meet the player
at the location he is headed.
lie:
angle
made by the shaft of the stick and the blade.
line
change:
the
entire forward line
and/or defensive line
will be replaced at once, which puts players on the ice who work
well together.
linesmen:
the
two officials on the ice, one
toward each end of the rink, responsible for infractions of the rules concerning off-side
plays at the blue lines or center line and for any
icing violations; they conduct most of the face-offs, sometimes advise the referee concerning penalties, and separate
players who are fighting; they wear black pants and an official league sweater, and
are on skates.
major penalty:
a
type of individual penalty called for more serious infractions of the rules; of 5 minutes
in duration whether or not the non-penalized team scores.
match-up:
a
pairing of players on opposing teams who will cover each other during the hockey game.
minor penalty:
a
type of penalty lasting 2 minutes;
if the non-penalized team scores a power
play goal during this time, the
penalty ends immediately.
National
Hockey League (NHL):
a
professional league started on November 22, 1917; currently contains
30 teams in the U.S. and Canada.
net:
the
goal; netting attached to
the goalposts and frame
of the goal to trap the puck when a goal is scored.
neutral
zone:
the
area between the blue lines.
Norris Division:
with
the Smythe Division
made up the Campbell Conference
until the 1992-93 season; renamed the Central Division of the
Western Conference
starting with the 1993-94 season.
officials:
two
referees and two linesmen
on the ice calling infractions and handing out penalties
plus several off-ice officials
including two goal judges, the game timekeeper, the penalty timekeeper,
the official scorer, the statistician and the video goal judge.
offside:
a
violation which occurs when both skates of an attacking player
cross the opponent’s blue line before the puck
is passed or carried into the attacking zone; also called when a player passes the puck from his defending
zone to a teammate across the red center
line (two-line pass); this is one of the most common calls
made in a hockey game and results in a face-off.
offside
pass:
See
two-line pass.
on-the-fly:
making
player changes or substitutions while play is under way.
on
the road:
when
an NHL team plays games away
from its home arena.
open
ice:
that
part of the ice that is free of opponents.
overtime:
an
additional period of play used to break a tie; see sudden-death.
overtime
loss:
the
result for a team that loses a game in overtime
that was tied after regulation; this category was created
starting with the 1999-2000 season and is worth 1 point
in the standings.
passing:
when
one player uses his stick to send the puck to a teammate.
passout:
a
pass by an attacking player from behind his opponent’s net or goal line
to a teammate in front of the net.
Patrick Division:
with
the Adams Division
made up the Wales Conference
until the 1992-93 season; renamed the Atlantic Division of
the Eastern Conference starting with the 1993-94 season.
penalty:
punishment
of a player for a violation of the rules, resulting in suspension
from the game for a period of time; 6 types exist: minor, bench, major, misconduct, match and goalkeeper’s
penalties.
penalty
box:
an
area with a bench just off the ice, behind the sideboards outside the playing
area where penalized players serve their penalty time.
penalty killer:
a
player expert at backchecking and keeping or gaining control of a loose puck under difficult circumstances who is trained to break up
a power play when his team
is shorthanded.
penalty
shot:
a
free shot awarded a player who was illegally interfered with,
preventing him from a clear scoring opportunity; the shot is taken
with only the goalie guarding against
it.
periods:
three
20-minute playing intervals separated by two intermissions.
points:
the
left and right positions taken by the defensemen of the attacking team, just inside the blue
line of the attacking zone;
also the term used to describe the defensemen playing at this
location; also an individual statistic for players equal to their
goals plus assists; also a team statistic
used to determine team standings (2 points for each win and 1
point for each tie or overtime loss
during the regular season).
poke
check:
a
quick jab or thrust to the puck or opponent’s stick to knock the puck away from
him.
policeman:
see
enforcer.
power
play:
an
attack by a team at full strength against a team playing one man (or two men) shorthanded because of a penalty (or penalties) which
resulted in a player on the opposing team receiving penalty-box time.
puck:
a
black, vulcanized rubber disc, 1-inch thick and 3-inches in diameter,
weighing between 5 1/2 and 6 ounces used to play hockey; they
are frozen to prevent excessive bouncing and changed throughout
the game; can travel up to 120 miles per hour on a slap
shot.
pulling the goalie:
taking
the goalkeeper off the ice and
replacing him with a forward; leaves the goal unguarded so
is only used as a last minute attempt to score.
ragging:
retaining
the puck by clever stickhandling;
often used by a shorthanded team to kill time.
rebound:
a
puck that bounces off the
goalie’s body
or equipment.
red
line:
the
line that divides the length of the ice surface in half.
referees:
the
chief officials in a hockey game,
distinguished from the other officials by a red armband; they
start the game, call most of the penalties and make the final decision in any dispute; they are responsible
for making sure the ice, the nets and the clock are in good condition; they wear black
pants and an official league sweater; they are also on skates.
referee’s crease:
a
semi-circular area, with a 10 foot radius, marked in red on the
ice in front of the timekeepers’ bench into which players
may not follow a referee.
rink:
the
iced area inside the boards on which the game of hockey is played; it is 200 feet long
by 85 feet wide with rounded corners.
rockered blades:
used
by professional ice hockey skaters; the gentle curve in a very
sharp blade of an ice skate produced by rounding the toe and heel
of the blade to make it easier for hockey players to turn quickly.
roster:
a
list of the players on a team.
roughing:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a fight between players is more of a pushing
and shoving match; a less severe penalty than fighting.
rush:
an
individual or combined attack by a team in possession of the puck.
save:
the
act of a goalie in blocking or stopping
a shot.
scramble:
several
players from both sides close together battling for possession
of the puck.
screen
shot:
a
shot on goal that the goalie cannot see because
it was taken from behind one or more players from either team
standing in front of the net.
shooting angle:
the
angle determined by the position of the shooting player in relation
to the goal at the moment he shoots the puck.
shorthanded:
a
team with one or more players off the ice in the penalty box when the opponent
has its full complement of 6 players; also a power play for the other
team.
shot on goal (SOG):
a
scoring attempt that would enter the goal
if not stopped by a goalie:
results in either a goal or a save.
shoulder deke:
a
quick move of the shoulder in one direction and the player in
another to fake out the opponent.
sideboards:
the
boards along the sides of the rink.
slap
shot:
a
shot in which the player raises his stick in a backswing, with
his strong hand held low on the shaft and his other hand on the
end as a pivot. Then as the stick comes down toward the puck, the player leans into the stick to put all his power
behind the shot and add velocity to the puck; achieves an extremely
high speed (up to 120 miles per hour) but is less accurate than
a wrist shot.
slashing:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player swings his stick hard at an opponent,
whether or not contact is made; if injury is caused it becomes
a major penalty and a game misconduct.
sleeper:
an
attacking player who slips into the center or neutral zone behind the
attacking defensemen; same as a floater
or a hanger.
slow
whistle:
when
an official waits to blow his
whistle because of a delayed offside or delayed penalty call.
Smythe Division:
with
the Norris Division
made up the Campbell Conference
until the 1992-93 season; renamed the Pacific Division of
the Western Conference starting with the 1993-94 season.
solo:
a
rush by a player without
assistance from a teammate.
spearing:
a
major penalty which occurs when a player illegally jabs, or even just
attempts to jab, the point of his stick blade into another player’s
body; one of the most serious infractions a player can commit;
results in an automatic game misconduct.
stick
deke:
when
a player’s stick is moved as though for a shot, but instead
the player moves the puck past the defending player; done to fake out the opponent.
stickhandling:
moving
the puck along the ice
with the stick blade.
substitution:
occurs
when a player comes off the bench to replace a player coming out
of the game; can be made at any time and play does not need to
stop.
sudden-death overtime:
an
overtime period that ends as soon as one team scores a goal, determining the winner and terminating the game.
sweep
check:
a
check made by a player
with one hand on the stick, and one knee so low it is practically
on the ice, with the shaft and blade of the stick flat on the
ice to take the puck away from an opponent.
third-man-in rule:
the
third man in a fight gets a game misconduct penalty and is out
of the game for its duration; created to discourage players from
jumping into a fight, even if they are only trying to break it
up.
three-on-one:
a
type of break with three
attackers coming in on one defenseman; this is a desperate situation.
three-on-two:
a
type of break with three
attacking players skating against two defensive players.
trailer:
a
player who follows his teammate on the attack seemingly out of
the action but actually in a position to receive a backward or
drop pass.
tripping:
a
minor penalty which occurs when a player places his stick or a part of
his body under or around the feet or legs of an opponent causing
him to lose his balance; will also be called if a player kicks
an opponent’s skates out from under him, or uses a knee or
leg to cause his opponent to fall.
two-line pass:
a
type of offside
violation occuring when a player passes the puck
from his defending zone to a teammate across the red center
line, play is stopped for a face-off;
also known as an offside
pass.
two-on-one:
a
type of break with two attacking
players skating against one defensive player.
two-on-two:
a
type of break with two attacking
players skating against two defensive players.
under-led pass:
a
pass behind or to one side of a teammate, making it difficult
for him to control the puck.
waffle
pad:
a
large rectangular pad attached to the front of the goalie’s stick
hand.
Wales Conference:
was
one of the two confrences in the NHL consisting of the Patrick and Adams Divisions until the 1992-93 season; renamed the Eastern Conference in 1993.
wash
out:
a
goal that is ruled invalid
by the referee or the waving off
of an infraction by the linesmen.
Western Conference:
the
renamed Cambell Conference
beginning with the 1993-94 season which contains the Central,
Northwest and Pacific Divisions.
wings:
two
players who flank the center on his right and left sides and, with him, make up the attacking
unit or forward line.
wrist
shot:
a
shot made using a strong flicking of the wrist and forearm muscles,
with the stick blade kept on the ice; it is slower but more accurate
than a slap
shot.
Zamboni:
the
brand of machine used to clean the ice.
zones:
three
areas made up by the two blue lines; the attacking zone is the area farthest from the goal a player is defending; the neutral zone is the central area; the defending zone
is the area where a player’s goal is (the goal where his
team’s goalie is stationed)
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