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Title: Wrestling/Traditional/Ranggeln - Ranggeln: Austrian Wrestling Learn about this ancient form of wrestling from its beginnings to modern day. Article published in InYo: Journal of Alternative Perspectives, Jan 2002 by William Baxter.
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InYo: Ranggeln, the Austrian wrestling: BaxterInYo:Journal of Alternative Perspectives Jan 2002EJMAS Tips Jar

Ranggeln, the Austrian wrestling

By William BaxterCopyright William Baxter © 2002. All rights reserved.It was July 29th, St. Jacob’s Day, and early in the morning on everyside of the mountain long lines of pilgrims climbed steadily to the topof Hundstein. They came from every country in the Alps: Karentin, Salzburg,Tirol, Ost Tirol, Sud Tirol, Bavaria, and Switzerland. They could not affordto slow down, either, as Father Eichhorn intended to commence Mass at 10a.m. in St. Maria’s Alm (meadow) and they had 2,116 metres to climb.IMAGE 1Nineteenth century image of RanggelnAs the priest finished his sermon, the sun sparkled behind him on thegreat glacier far across the valley. This year there was no snow and inthe bright sunshine an eagle, his solitude disturbed by the spectacle,soared overhead, the flight feathers of his great wings like fingers grippingthe sky.Once Mass had been celebrated, the real business of the day could beginand the young men of the mountains queued to enter the wrestling competition.They spoke a dozen different dialects of German, some almost incomprehensibleto each other but they all had one aim before them, to be Hagmoar of Hundstein.These were no gymnasium athletes from the cities but the sturdy sons ofthe mountain peasant farmers: shepherds, herders, woodsmen and hunters.The haymaking was almost finished and they had energy to burn.IMAGE 2"Tiroler Ranggeler." The image depicts wrestling from about 1815.From the German-language "Illustrated Athletic Newspaper," August 19, 1894.Like churchmen everywhere in mediaeval Europe, Leonard of Gottsgnaden,Archbishop of Salzburg, was concerned about pagan survivals, and so on"Montagnach invocavit im Yar 1518" he considered whether to ban the customwhich, "had existed since ancient times." Good sense had prevailed andthe young men continued to wrestle. And so, at the end of a long day’ssport, a new Hagmoar was proclaimed and carried around the arena by hisjubilant friends.Surrounded by gnarled old men in lederhosen (leather trousers)and elaborately decorated hunter’s hats, the Hagmoar, the champion, waspresented with the traditional prize, a banner. And, as his friends andrivals slapped his back or shook his hand, a tall and beautiful black hairedgirl wearing the low cut dress of the mountains smiled at him amid thehubbub, then leaned over and spoke into the new champion’s ear: "Momentbitte, the reception has failed." When he realised what she had said, HelmutKendler looked over at the TV crew and grinned sympathetically at theirplight as yet another friend shook his hand.IMAGE 5The InvocationThe date was July 29, 2001, and the biggest change to Ranggeln sinceAlbrecht Dürer’s Fechtbuch was published in the Year of theLord 1512 was the TV crew.Ranggeln, the wrestling style that lends its name to a brand of jeansand to US cowboys, is the oldest sport in the European Alps. Rangglershave no mythology of ancient masters who meditate and preserve their secretsamong the eternal snows. They spend their working lives there and for hundredsof years, (perhaps thousands, since man first arrived in the Alps) theyhave wrestled, and in Ranggeln only the best and toughest can win.IMAGE 6Just what is Ranggeln and why is it so culturally important?Austria is where the Celtic Hallstat Iron Age culture began and it wasat its peak around 700 BC. When the Greek heroes had fought before Troyone or two of the more fortunate ones possessed iron knives perhaps tradedfrom their more technically advanced neighbours to the north. The slightlylater Celtic La Tene culture spread from its heartland in the Alps andby 400 BC it was a cultural unit, which spread from modern Ankara in Turkeyto the scattered Atlantic islands of Scotland and Ireland.No one knows today just which God or Goddess the mountaineers of theAlps sought to propitiate when they first wrestled on Hundstein but themost likely is Lugh, the sun god. The feast of the sun god called Lughnasadhin Gaelic was one of the four major pre-Christian festivals of Europe andwas basically an agrarian celebration of the harvesting of the crops. WhenAugustus Caesar chose Lugdunum (Lyons) as the capital of Roman Gaul heordered that a festival be inaugurated in his honour. The celebrationswere held on August 1st, and were obviously meant to identify Caesar withthe ancient Celtic adoration of Lugas who had provided the people withfood.IMAGE 4Christianity took over this festival as Lammas and the name survivesin each of the Celtic languages; in Irish as Lúnasa (August), inManx as Luanistyn (August), and in Scottish Gaelic as Lúnasad (forthe Lammas festival). "Monuments and inscriptions to him are more commonthan for any other Celtic god and it is generally accepted that when Caesarspoke of the Gaulish "Mercury" he was speaking of Lugas." (BerresfordEllis) The name appears in many European countries as the cities of Lyon,Leon, Loudan, and Laon in France, Leon in Spain, Leyden in The Netherlands,Leignitz in Silesia, and Carlisle (Lugovalum in Roman times) in England.London is thought be derived from Lugdunum, hence the Latin Londinium.The new priesthood systematically denigrated the old gods and took overtheir holy places as Christian sites with Christianised names. However,a powerful god like Lugh, the patron of all the arts and crafts, was nevereradicated. He gradually became diminished in people’s minds over manygenerations as a fairy craftsman named Lugh-chromain (stooping Lugh). "Nowall that is left of the potent patron of the arts and crafts is the Anglicisedversion of Lugh-chromain, leprechaun". Berresford Ellis)IMAGE 8Perhaps even "Otzi," the man who was murdered 5,300 years ago on a nearbyglacier and whose body and bronze and stone weapons were found severalyears ago, had wrestled at Hundstein. What is certain is that a 400 BCbronze La Tene scabbard for an iron sword, found in Hallstat about 70 kilometresaway, illustrates a type of wrestling which just possibly might be a remoteancestor of modern Ranggeln. Anyway, there are four panels on the scabbardand the one at its point shows two wrestlers on the ground. "The decoratedbronze sheath for an iron sword found at Hallstatt shows how much we canlearn about a people who illustrate their own daily life. These militaryscenes depict wrestling (far left), foot soldiers and cavalrymen with typicalweapons and gear, flanked by men who hold the circular symbol of warfare.The fourth century BC sheath is about 70 centimetres (28 inches) long."(Cunliffe)When the Germanic tribes first moved into the mountains about 100 BC,they mingled with the indigenous inhabitants who had remained and continuedthe custom of wrestling on Hundstein. Possibly they even commenced it.Ranggeln is free style wrestling and is technically the same sport thatis practised in the Olympic Games or US colleges. The differences in therules are slight: as in Asian kushti/gures holds can be taken on the clothesand rangglers wear a tough canvas shirt and cotton trousers, which makespectacular throws easier.IMAGE 9Prior to World War II, challenge matches were held among the mountaineerswhen they met at markets or at traditional meeting places in the high Alps.There were slight rule variations from district to district, such as thevariation called Hosenlupfen, or trouser wrestling. However, the ruleswere standardised when the Salzburger Rangglerverband was formed in 1947.Modern Ranggeln bouts last 6 minutes. There are no points, only a fallcounts and a rolling fall or to bridge is counted as a fall. Submissionholds and strangles are forbidden and there are no draws; a drawn bouteliminates both competitors. Therefore bouts are fast and furious sincethe wrestlers must gain a pin to survive into the next round.For Further Reading  TextHagmoar vom Hundstoa by K Nusko published in Salzburg in 1972Das Ranggeln im Pinzgau by Ilka Peter, published by Verlag derSalzburger Druckerei, 1981The Celtic World by Barry Cunliffe, published by BCA and Constableand Co. Ltd., London, New York, Sydney, Toronto 1992Dictionary of Celtic Mythology by Peter Berresford Ellis, publishedby Constable and Co. Ltd, London 1992  Onlinehttp://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.film.f/f114a(film from 1934)InYoJan 2002
 

Learn

about

this

ancient

form

of

wrestling

from

its

beginnings

to

modern

day.

Article

published

in

InYo:

Journal

of

Alternative

Perspectives,

Jan

2002

by

William

Baxter.

http://ejmas.com/jalt/jaltart_baxter_0102.htm

Ranggeln: Austrian Wrestling 2008 November

dvd rental

dvd


Learn about this ancient form of wrestling from its beginnings to modern day. Article published in InYo: Journal of Alternative Perspectives, Jan 2002 by William Baxter.

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